Basics of legal citations introduction to legal citation. Blue pages this guide covers the bluebook s white pages, which provide citation rules for academic papers. Cite to the name of the sourcedictionary, page number if pinpoint citing, edition and year. How to find a case with the citation page menu how to. Secondary sources bluebook libguides at washington.
Legal encyclopedia that provides case citations and cross references to other resources. This citation can be broken down into different parts. The bluebook is a collaborative project by a handful of elite law schools. Secondary sources bluebook citation libguides at florida. Recently several jurisdictions have adopted format and vendorneutral citation forms, and other jurisdictions are likely to follow. Cite to the volume, name of the source, article titlebroad topic this is not the section name it is the title of the main topic within which the section you are citing falls, section number, and year. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2.
Mar 18, 2020 the primary authority for legal citation, and abbreviations, in the united states is the bluebook. For additional abbreviations, consult the bluebook, a. Libraries research guides law library bluebook citation 101 academic format. Secondary sources include books, articles, encyclopedias and other nonprimary sources. This guide provides basic information on bluebook citation in the scholarly format. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator. Also included are crossreferences that direct the reader to articles and other pertinent information in am.
Attribution to identify the source of ideas expressed in the text, and. Feb 11, 2020 the elements for the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress is set out in the restatement rule which provides that one who by extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another is subject to liability for such emotional distress and for bodily harm resulting from the distress. Short forms for cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown. Welcome to findlaws hosted version of american jurisprudence 2d am jur 2d, the legal professions leading legal reference source. The series is now in its second edition, launched in 1962. This page contains abbreviations for some secondary sources you will frequently use in legal research that are not included in the bluebook. See your bluebook for specific exceptions involving special designations, place of publication etc.
The portion of the citation identifying the documents address in the service includes. The bluebook notes that the bluepages retain the tradition of underlining certain text, but italics may be substituted wherever underlining is used in the bluepages as long as the. Secondary sources bluebook basics libguides at university of. Rule 15 in the bluebook explains how to properly cite a book. The blue colored pages in the front on the bluebook are for brief format, while the white pages that. The publication manual of the apa does not include citing congressional record. Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 practitioner format. The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an adapted version of the style and formatting guidelines found in the bluebook, 20th ed. Many of the complicated variations on rules are not shown in these samples. Form books, and online forms available through subscription services and elsewhere, provide sample documents for use in many areas of law. You may use these abbreviations whenever citing one of these sources for any legal research classes offered at akron law. It is used for all federal court documents and legal scholarship.
Topical indexes are located in the last volume of every topic. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2 use for their memo assignments. Use of the permanent edition is advised, except for issues not yet published in it bluebook, 2010, p. Although bb does not appear to address the issue, i would omit it. Finding cases and statutes by citation any reference to any primary law source case or statute has a citation. Bureau of the census, evaluating components of international migration. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. A uniform system of citation is used in place of the apa manual. Although answers to all your citation questions can be found in the bluebook itself. Common abbreviations legal citation research guides at. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebook s unique system of citation in their writing.
American jurisprudence american legal encyclopedia. It was originated by lawyers cooperative publishing, which was subsequently acquired by the thomson corporation. The bluebook was released in its nineteenth edition in 2010. While useful to the practitioner, they are not intended to be used without modification. A short primer on bluebook citation formats for federal and state cases and statutes, as well as books, journals, and other secondary sources. The primary authority for legal citation, and abbreviations, in the united states is the bluebook.
The standard reference manual for american legal citation formatting. Since american jurisprudence is a frequently cited source in legal writing, it falls under bluebook rule 15. Here you will find am jur 2d excerpts on contracts, damages, and divorce and separation, with links to the full content on westlaw. Citations to material in such a service include the name or title of the cited document in accordance with the rules applicable to its type cases, administrative material, etc. Bluebooking for court documents guide to legal writing. The following samples cover basic citation format for secondary sources. Over the past few months, weve chronicled in these pages a slew of errors in the latest edition of the bluebook, the legalcitation bible thats treasured by gunners everywhere and reviled. Where multiple units or division of the institution are listed on the work, the citation includes the smallest unit first and then skips to the largest, omitting all in between. Jan 07, 2020 if writing a scholarly article, you will need to provide correct attribution to your sources. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations libguides. In academic writing, the books author and title are in small caps.
Always consult the bluebook for additional information. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. Oct 11, 2019 this page contains abbreviations for some secondary sources you will frequently use in legal research that are not included in the bluebook. Citations are to the 20th edition of the bluebook, a uniform system of citation rule 16. American jurisprudence amjur is a secondary source a legal encyclopedia to be exact and the citation is governed by rule 15 of the bluebook. Encyclopedias first year legal research guide libguides. Jul 22, 2019 the basics of legal citation including citation styles bluebook and alwd. American law reports alr is good resources for background, analysis, and citations about law cases, statutes, and other legal details. Secondary sources abbreviations bluebook quick reference. A42 am jur 2d articles summarize broad principles of u. How do i cite american jurisprudence in an apa paper. Using alr has become the standard for many law papers and citing. Secondary sources bluejaybook libguides at creighton. Trials that are especially relevant to the subject of the published article and that show interdependence of these two trialpractice publications.
The citation format for newspapers and newsletters is largely the same as for nonconsecutively paginated periodicals. The chicago manual of style recommends omitting such abbreviations jr. Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 practitioner. Jul 19, 2019 short citation forms thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. Students writing seminar papers will find this guide invaluable. American jurisprudence second edition is cited as am. Legal citations are references to legal authorities such as cases, statutes. Books, reports, treatises bluebook legal citation tarlton. Citation law and legal studies guides at milner library. The example provided in the bluebook in the white pages for amjur is as follows elements of citation. Each different kind of secondary source has a slightly different set of rules for citation, which will be enumerated below.
Cjs claims to be comprehensive in its case citations, while amjur only. Jul 22, 2019 there are two major legal citation formats. Some of these citations are bluebook examples, but most are citations found through keyword searches of. Some frequently nationally cited works have their own special citation form. The basic difference between the white pages citation and the blue pages citation is that the article title is typed in italics in the white pages version and is underlined in the blue pages version. A short primer on bluebook citation formats for federal and state cases and statutes, as well as books, journals. Citation examples use nonacademic citation format i.
Rule 15 governs the citation of books, treatises, reports, white papers, dictionaries, encyclopedias. The basic format of a citation is standardized, and generally includes a volume number, an abbreviation of the title of the publication in which the law appears, a page or section number, and a date. I am supposed to be using secondary authority and following the blue book guidelines to get the correct. For help with other source types, like books, pdfs, or websites, check out our other guides.
The basic format of a citation is standardized, and generally includes a volume number, an abbreviation of the title of the publication in which the law appears, a page or. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. California has its own style manual for its state courts. Article names are not abbreviated and are always italicized. This page provides bluebook a uniform system of citation, 19th ed.
The basics of legal citation including citation styles bluebook and alwd. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for. Keep in mind that westlaw provides an online index for both amjur and. Aug 01, 2019 citations are to the 20th edition of the bluebook, a uniform system of citation rule 16. If the article is written by a student author, the designation of the piece see r. The elements for the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress is set out in the restatement rule which provides that one who by extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another is subject to liability for such emotional distress and for bodily harm resulting from the distress. Because you will often cite a case and other legal materials multiple times in a document, the bluebook has established a short form for use in subsequent citations. Form books basic legal research libguides at northern. Secondary sources bluebook basics libguides at university.
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